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2017 ; 7
(1
): 15992
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gab.com Text
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Metformin transiently inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation as a result
of either AMPK activation or increased ROS production
#MMPMID29167573
Mogavero A
; Maiorana MV
; Zanutto S
; Varinelli L
; Bozzi F
; Belfiore A
; Volpi CC
; Gloghini A
; Pierotti MA
; Gariboldi M
Sci Rep
2017[Nov]; 7
(1
): 15992
PMID29167573
show ga
Metformin is a widely used and well-tolerated anti-diabetic drug that can reduce
cancer risk and improve the prognosis of certain malignancies. However, the
mechanism underlying its anti-cancer effect is still unclear. We studied the
anti-cancer activity of metformin on colorectal cancer (CRC) by using the drug to
treat HT29, HCT116 and HCT116 p53-/- CRC cells. Metformin reduced cell
proliferation and migration by inducing cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase.
This was accompanied by a sharp decrease in the expression of c-Myc and
down-regulation of IGF1R. The anti-proliferative action of metformin was mediated
by two different mechanisms: AMPK activation and increase in the production of
reactive oxygen species, which suppressed the mTOR pathway and its downstream
targets S6 and 4EBP1. A reduction in CD44 and LGR5 expression suggested that the
drug had an effect on tumour cells with stem characteristics. However, a colony
formation assay showed that metformin slowed the cells' ability to form colonies
without arresting cell growth, as confirmed by absence of apoptosis, autophagy or
senescence. Our finding that metformin only transiently arrests CRC cell growth
suggests that efforts should be made to identify compounds that combined with the
biguanide can act synergistically to induce cell death.