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2017 ; 8
(ä): 1946
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The Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthesis Network: In vivo Protein-Protein
Interactions of an Actin Associated Multi-Protein Complex
#MMPMID29184564
Kaufholdt D
; Baillie CK
; Meinen R
; Mendel RR
; Hänsch R
Front Plant Sci
2017[]; 8
(ä): 1946
PMID29184564
show ga
Survival of plants and nearly all organisms depends on the pterin based
molybdenum cofactor (Moco) as well as its effective biosynthesis and insertion
into apo-enzymes. To this end, both the central Moco biosynthesis enzymes are
characterized and the conserved four-step reaction pathway for Moco biosynthesis
is well-understood. However, protection mechanisms to prevent degradation during
biosynthesis as well as transfer of the highly oxygen sensitive Moco and its
intermediates are not fully enlightened. The formation of protein complexes
involving transient protein-protein interactions is an efficient strategy for
protected metabolic channelling of sensitive molecules. In this review, Moco
biosynthesis and allocation network is presented and discussed. This network was
intensively studied based on two in vivo interaction methods: bimolecular
fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and split-luciferase. Whereas BiFC allows
localisation of interacting partners, split-luciferase assay determines
interaction strengths in vivo. Results demonstrate (i) interaction of Cnx2 and
Cnx3 within the mitochondria and (ii) assembly of a biosynthesis complex
including the cytosolic enzymes Cnx5, Cnx6, Cnx7, and Cnx1, which enables a
protected transfer of intermediates. The whole complex is associated with actin
filaments via Cnx1 as anchor protein. After biosynthesis, Moco needs to be handed
over to the specific apo-enzymes. A potential pathway was discovered.
Molybdenum-containing enzymes of the sulphite oxidase family interact directly
with Cnx1. In contrast, the xanthine oxidoreductase family acquires Moco
indirectly via a Moco binding protein (MoBP2) and Moco sulphurase ABA3. In
summary, the uncovered interaction matrix enables an efficient transfer for
intermediate and product protection via micro-compartmentation.