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2016 ; 3
(4
): 293-297
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gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
Lactate, a useful marker for disease mortality and severity but an unreliable
marker of tissue hypoxia/hypoperfusion in critically ill patients
#MMPMID29123802
Kushimoto S
; Akaishi S
; Sato T
; Nomura R
; Fujita M
; Kudo D
; Kawazoe Y
; Yoshida Y
; Miyagawa N
Acute Med Surg
2016[Oct]; 3
(4
): 293-297
PMID29123802
show ga
Early aggressive hemodynamic resuscitation using elevated plasma lactate as a
marker is an essential component of managing critically ill patients. Therefore,
measurement of blood lactate is recommended to stratify patients based on the
need for fluid resuscitation and the risks of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
and death. Hyperlactatemia is common among critically ill patients, and lactate
levels and their trend may be reliable markers of illness severity and mortality.
Although hyperlactatemia has been widely recognized as a marker of tissue
hypoxia/hypoperfusion, it can also result from increased or accelerated aerobic
glycolysis during the stress response. Additionally, lactate may represent an
important energy source for patients in critical condition. Despite its inherent
complexity, the current simplified view of hyperlactatemia is that it reflects
the presence of global tissue hypoxia/hypoperfusion with anaerobic glycolysis.
This review of hyperlactatemia in critically ill patients focuses on its
pathophysiological aspects and recent clinical approaches. Hyperlactatemia in
critically ill patients must be considered to be related to tissue
hypoxia/hypoperfusion. Therefore, appropriate hemodynamic resuscitation is
required to correct the pathological condition immediately. However,
hyperlactatemia can also result from aerobic glycolysis, unrelated to tissue
dysoxia, which is unlikely to respond to increases in systemic oxygen delivery.
Because hyperlactatemia may be simultaneously related to, and unrelated to,
tissue hypoxia, physicians should recognize that resuscitation to normalize
plasma lactate levels could be over-resuscitation and may worsen the
physiological status. Lactate is a reliable indicator of sepsis severity and a
marker of resuscitation; however, it is an unreliable marker of tissue
hypoxia/hypoperfusion.