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2017 ; 20
(4
): 533-546
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Optical clearing and fluorescence deep-tissue imaging for 3D quantitative
analysis of the brain tumor microenvironment
#MMPMID28699046
Lagerweij T
; Dusoswa SA
; Negrean A
; Hendrikx EML
; de Vries HE
; Kole J
; Garcia-Vallejo JJ
; Mansvelder HD
; Vandertop WP
; Noske DP
; Tannous BA
; Musters RJP
; van Kooyk Y
; Wesseling P
; Zhao XW
; Wurdinger T
Angiogenesis
2017[Nov]; 20
(4
): 533-546
PMID28699046
show ga
BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional visualization of the brain vasculature and its
interactions with surrounding cells may shed light on diseases where aberrant
microvascular organization is involved, including glioblastoma (GBM). Intravital
confocal imaging allows 3D visualization of microvascular structures and
migration of cells in the brain of mice, however, with limited imaging depth. To
enable comprehensive analysis of GBM and the brain microenvironment, in-depth 3D
imaging methods are needed. Here, we employed methods for optical tissue clearing
prior to 3D microscopy to visualize the brain microvasculature and routes of
invasion of GBM cells. METHODS: We present a workflow for ex vivo imaging of
optically cleared brain tumor tissues and subsequent computational modeling. This
workflow was used for quantification of the microvasculature in relation to
nuclear or cellular density in healthy mouse brain tissues and in human
orthotopic, infiltrative GBM8 and E98 glioblastoma models. RESULTS: Ex vivo
cleared mouse brain tissues had a >10-fold imaging depth as compared to
intravital imaging of mouse brain in vivo. Imaging of optically cleared brain
tissue allowed quantification of the 3D microvascular characteristics in healthy
mouse brains and in tissues with diffuse, infiltrative growing GBM8 brain tumors.
Detailed 3D visualization revealed the organization of tumor cells relative to
the vasculature, in both gray matter and white matter regions, and patterns of
multicellular GBM networks collectively invading the brain parenchyma.
CONCLUSIONS: Optical tissue clearing opens new avenues for combined quantitative
and 3D microscopic analysis of the topographical relationship between GBM cells
and their microenvironment.