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Protecting cows in small holder farms in East Africa from tsetse flies by
mimicking the odor profile of a non-host bovid
#MMPMID29040267
Saini RK
; Orindi BO
; Mbahin N
; Andoke JA
; Muasa PN
; Mbuvi DM
; Muya CM
; Pickett JA
; Borgemeister CW
PLoS Negl Trop Dis
2017[Oct]; 11
(10
): e0005977
PMID29040267
show ga
BACKGROUND: For the first time, differential attraction of pathogen vectors to
vertebrate animals is investigated for novel repellents which when applied to
preferred host animals turn them into non-hosts thereby providing a new paradigm
for innovative vector control. For effectively controlling tsetse flies (Glossina
spp.), vectors of African trypanosomosis, causing nagana, repellents more
powerful than plant derived, from a non-host animal the waterbuck, Kobus
ellipsiprymnus defassa, have recently been identified. Here we investigate these
repellents in the field to protect cattle from nagana by making cattle as
unattractive as the buck. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To dispense the
waterbuck repellents comprising guaiacol, geranylacetone, pentanoic acid and
?-octalactone, (patent application) we developed an innovative collar-mounted
release system for individual cattle. We tested protecting cattle, under natural
tsetse challenge, from tsetse transmitted nagana in a large field trial
comprising 1,100 cattle with repellent collars in Kenya for 24 months. The
collars provided substantial protection to livestock from trypanosome infection
by reducing disease levels >80%. Protected cattle were healthier, showed
significantly reduced disease levels, higher packed cell volume and significantly
increased weight. Collars >60% reduced trypanocide use, 72.7% increase in
ownership of oxen per household and enhanced traction power (protected animals
ploughed 66% more land than unprotected). Land under cultivation increased by
73.4%. Increase in traction power of protected animals reduced by 69.1% acres
tilled by hand per household per ploughing season. Improved food security and
household income from very high acceptance of collars (99%) motivated the farmers
to form a registered community based organization promoting collars for
integrated tsetse control and their commercialization. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE:
Clear demonstration that repellents from un-preferred hosts prevent contact
between host and vector, thereby preventing disease transmission: a new paradigm
for vector control. Evidence that deploying water buck repellents converts cattle
into non-hosts for tsetse flies-'cows in waterbuck clothing'.
|*Insect Repellents
[MESH]
|*Odorants
[MESH]
|Animal Husbandry
[MESH]
|Animals
[MESH]
|Antelopes
[MESH]
|Cattle
[MESH]
|Cattle Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology/*prevention & control
[MESH]
free
free
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