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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Oncotarget 2017 ; 8 (46): 81604-16 Nephropedia Template TP
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Role of growth differentiation factor 11 in development, physiology and disease #MMPMID29113418
Zhang Y; Wei Y; Liu D; Liu F; Li X; Pan L; Pang Y; Chen D
Oncotarget 2017[Oct]; 8 (46): 81604-16 PMID29113418show ga
Growth differentiation factor (GDF11) is a member of TGF-?/BMP superfamily that activates Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways and regulates expression of its target nuclear genes. Since its discovery in 1999, studies have shown the involvement of GDF11 in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development and erythropoiesis, as well as in the pathophysiology of aging, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. In addition, there are contradictory reports regarding the role of GDF11 in aging, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, osteogenesis, skeletal muscle development, and neurogenesis. In this review, we describe the GDF11 signaling pathway and its potential role in development, physiology and disease.