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2017 ; 11
(ä): 587
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
Syndromic Craniosynostosis Can Define New Candidate Genes for Suture Development
or Result from the Non-specifc Effects of Pleiotropic Genes: Rasopathies and
Chromatinopathies as Examples
#MMPMID29093661
Zollino M
; Lattante S
; Orteschi D
; Frangella S
; Doronzio PN
; Contaldo I
; Mercuri E
; Marangi G
Front Neurosci
2017[]; 11
(ä): 587
PMID29093661
show ga
Craniosynostosis is a heterogeneous condition caused by the premature fusion of
cranial sutures, occurring mostly as an isolated anomaly. Pathogenesis of
non-syndromic forms of craniosynostosis is largely unknown. In about 15-30% of
cases craniosynostosis occurs in association with other physical anomalies and it
is referred to as syndromic craniosynostosis. Syndromic forms of craniosynostosis
arise from mutations in genes belonging to the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor
(FGFR) family and the interconnected molecular pathways in most cases. However it
can occur in association with other gene variants and with a variety of
chromosome abnormalities as well, usually in association with intellectual
disability (ID) and additional physical anomalies. Evaluating the molecular
properties of the genes undergoing intragenic mutations or copy number variations
(CNVs) along with prevalence of craniosynostosis in different conditions and
animal models if available, we made an attempt to define two distinct groups of
unusual syndromic craniosynostosis, which can reflect direct effects of emerging
new candidate genes with roles in suture homeostasis or a non-specific phenotypic
manifestation of pleiotropic genes, respectively. RASopathies and 9p23p22.3
deletions are reviewed as examples of conditions in the first group. In
particular, we found that craniosynostosis is a relatively common component
manifestation of cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome. Chromatinopathies and
neurocristopathies are presented as examples of conditions in the second group.
We observed that craniosynostosis is uncommon on average in these conditions. It
was randomly associated with Kabuki, Koolen-de Vries/KANSL1 haploinsufficiency
and Mowat-Wilson syndromes and in KAT6B-related disorders. As an exception,
trigonocephaly in Bohring-Opitz syndrome reflects specific molecular properties
of the chromatin modifier ASXL1 gene. Surveillance for craniosynostosis in
syndromic forms of intellectual disability, as well as ascertainment of genomic
CNVs by array-CGH in apparently non-syndromic craniosynostosis is recommended, to
allow for improvement of both the clinical outcome of patients and the accurate
individual diagnosis.