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2017 ; 2
(5
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
Twit Text #
English Wikipedia
Functional Changes in the Gut Microbiome Contribute to Transforming Growth Factor
?-Deficient Colon Cancer
#MMPMID28951889
Daniel SG
; Ball CL
; Besselsen DG
; Doetschman T
; Hurwitz BL
mSystems
2017[Sep]; 2
(5
): ä PMID28951889
show ga
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most treatable cancers, with a 5-year
survival rate of ~64%, yet over 50,000 deaths occur yearly in the United States.
In 15% of cases, deficiency in mismatch repair leads to null mutations in
transforming growth factor ? (TGF-?) type II receptor, yet genotype alone is not
responsible for tumorigenesis. Previous work in mice shows that disruptions in
TGF-? signaling combined with Helicobacter hepaticus cause tumorigenesis,
indicating a synergistic effect between genotype and microbial environment. Here,
we examine functional shifts in the gut microbiome in CRC using integrated -omics
approaches to untangle the role of host genotype, inflammation, and microbial
ecology. We profile the gut microbiome of 40 mice with/without deficiency in
TGF-? signaling from a Smad3 (mothers against decapentaplegic homolog-3) knockout
and with/without inoculation with H. hepaticus. Clear functional differences in
the microbiome tied to specific bacterial species emerge from four pathways
related to human colon cancer: lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production, polyamine
synthesis, butyrate metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS).
Specifically, an increase in Mucispirillum schaedleri drives LPS production,
which is associated with an inflammatory response. We observe a commensurate
decrease in butyrate production from Lachnospiraceae bacterium A4, which could
promote tumor formation. H. hepaticus causes an increase in OXPHOS that may
increase DNA-damaging free radicals. Finally, multiple bacterial species increase
polyamines that are associated with colon cancer, implicating not just diet but
also the microbiome in polyamine levels. These insights into cross talk between
the microbiome, host genotype, and inflammation could promote the development of
diagnostics and therapies for CRC. IMPORTANCE Most research on the gut microbiome
in colon cancer focuses on taxonomic changes at the genus level using 16S rRNA
gene sequencing. Here, we develop a new methodology to integrate DNA and RNA data
sets to examine functional shifts at the species level that are important to
tumor development. We uncover several metabolic pathways in the microbiome that,
when perturbed by host genetics and H. hepaticus inoculation, contribute to colon
cancer. The work presented here lays a foundation for improved bioinformatics
methodologies to closely examine the cross talk between specific organisms and
the host, important for the development of diagnostics and pre/probiotic
treatment.