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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Biochim+Biophys+Acta 2016 ; 1860 (11 Pt B): 2672-81 Nephropedia Template TP
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Conformational selection in amyloid-based immunotherapy: survey of crystal structures of antibody-amyloid complexes #MMPMID27266343
Background: The dominant feature in neurodegenerative diseases is protein aggregations that lead to neuronal loss. Immunotherapies using antibodies or antibody fragments to target the aggregations are a highly perused approach. The molecular mechanisms underlying the amyloid-based immunotherapy are complex. Deciphering the properties of amyloidogenic proteins responsible for these diseases is essential to obtain insights into antibody recognition of the amyloid antigens. Scope of Review: We systematically explore all available crystal structures of antibody-amyloid complexes related to neurodegenerative diseases, including antibodies that recognize the A? peptide, tau protein, prion protein, alpha-synuclein, huntingtin protein (mHTT), and polyglutamine. Major Conclusions: We found that antibodies mostly use the conformational selection mechanism to recognize the highly flexible amyloid antigens. In particular, solanezumab bound to A?12?28 tripeptide motif conformation (F19F20A21), which is shared with the A?42 fibril. This motif, which is trapped by the antibody, may provide the missing link in amyloid formation. Water molecules often bridge between the antibody and amyloid, contributing to the recognition. General Significance: This paper provides the structural basis for antibody recognition of amyloidogenic proteins. The analysis and discussion of known structures are expected to help in the design and optimization of antibodies in neurodegenerative diseases.