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Conformational selection in amyloid-based immunotherapy: Survey of crystal
structures of antibody-amyloid complexes
#MMPMID27266343
Ma B
; Zhao J
; Nussinov R
Biochim Biophys Acta
2016[Nov]; 1860
(11 Pt B
): 2672-81
PMID27266343
show ga
BACKGROUND: The dominant feature in neurodegenerative diseases is protein
aggregations that lead to neuronal loss. Immunotherapies using antibodies or
antibody fragments to target the aggregations are a highly perused approach. The
molecular mechanisms underlying the amyloid-based immunotherapy are complex.
Deciphering the properties of amyloidogenic proteins responsible for these
diseases is essential to obtain insights into antibody recognition of the amyloid
antigens. SCOPE OF REVIEW: We systematically explore all available crystal
structures of antibody-amyloid complexes related to neurodegenerative diseases,
including antibodies that recognize the A? peptide, tau protein, prion protein,
alpha-synuclein, huntingtin protein (mHTT), and polyglutamine. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS:
We found that antibodies mostly use the conformational selection mechanism to
recognize the highly flexible amyloid antigens. In particular, solanezumab bound
to A?12-28 tripeptide motif conformation (F19F20A21), which is shared with the
A?42 fibril. This motif, which is trapped by the antibody, may provide the
missing link in amyloid formation. Water molecules often bridge between the
antibody and amyloid, contributing to the recognition. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: This
paper provides the structural basis for antibody recognition of amyloidogenic
proteins. The analysis and discussion of known structures are expected to help in
the design and optimization of antibodies in neurodegenerative diseases. This
article is part of a Special Issue entitled "System Genetics" Guest Editor: Dr.
Yudong Cai and Dr. Tao Huang.