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2017 ; 12
(9
): e0184614
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Hidden biodiversity in entomological collections: The overlooked co-occurrence of
dipteran and hymenopteran ant parasitoids in stored biological material
#MMPMID28926617
Pérez-Lachaud G
; Lachaud JP
PLoS One
2017[]; 12
(9
): e0184614
PMID28926617
show ga
Biological collections around the world are the repository of biodiversity on
Earth; they also hold a large quantity of unsorted, unidentified, or
misidentified material and can house behavioral information on species that are
difficult to access or no longer available to science. Among the unsorted,
alcohol-preserved material stored in the Formicidae Collection of the 'El Colegio
de la Frontera Sur' Research Center (Chetumal, Mexico), we found nine colonies of
the ponerine ant Neoponera villosa, that had been collected in bromeliads at
Calakmul (Campeche, Mexico) in 1999. Ants and their brood were revised for the
presence of any sign of parasitism. Cocoons were dissected and their content
examined under a stereomicroscope. Six N. villosa prepupae had been attacked by
the ectoparasitoid syrphid fly Hypselosyrphus trigonus Hull (Syrphidae:
Microdontinae), to date the only known dipteran species of the Microdontinae with
a parasitoid lifestyle. In addition, six male pupae from three colonies contained
gregarious endoparasitoid wasps. These were specialized in parasitizing this
specific host caste as no gyne or worker pupae displayed signs of having been
attacked. Only immature stages (larvae and pupae) of the wasp could be obtained.
Due to the long storage period, DNA amplification failed; however, based on
biological and morphological data, pupae were placed in the Encyrtidae family.
This is the first record of an encyrtid wasp parasitizing N. villosa, and the
second example of an encyrtid as a primary parasitoid of ants. Furthermore, it is
also the first record of co-occurrence of a dipteran ectoparasitoid and a
hymenopteran endoparasitoid living in sympatry within the same population of host
ants. Our findings highlight the importance of biological collections as
reservoirs of hidden biodiversity, not only at the taxonomic level, but also at
the behavioral level, revealing complex living networks. They also highlight the
need for funding in order to carry out biodiversity inventories and manage
existing collections.