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2017 ; 14
(9
): e1002389
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Self-monitoring of blood pressure in hypertension: A systematic review and
individual patient data meta-analysis
#MMPMID28926573
Tucker KL
; Sheppard JP
; Stevens R
; Bosworth HB
; Bove A
; Bray EP
; Earle K
; George J
; Godwin M
; Green BB
; Hebert P
; Hobbs FDR
; Kantola I
; Kerry SM
; Leiva A
; Magid DJ
; Mant J
; Margolis KL
; McKinstry B
; McLaughlin MA
; Omboni S
; Ogedegbe O
; Parati G
; Qamar N
; Tabaei BP
; Varis J
; Verberk WJ
; Wakefield BJ
; McManus RJ
PLoS Med
2017[Sep]; 14
(9
): e1002389
PMID28926573
show ga
BACKGROUND: Self-monitoring of blood pressure (BP) appears to reduce BP in
hypertension but important questions remain regarding effective implementation
and which groups may benefit most. This individual patient data (IPD)
meta-analysis was performed to better understand the effectiveness of BP
self-monitoring to lower BP and control hypertension. METHODS AND FINDINGS:
Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomised trials
comparing self-monitoring to no self-monitoring in hypertensive patients (June
2016). Two reviewers independently assessed articles for eligibility and the
authors of eligible trials were approached requesting IPD. Of 2,846 articles in
the initial search, 36 were eligible. IPD were provided from 25 trials, including
1 unpublished study. Data for the primary outcomes-change in mean clinic or
ambulatory BP and proportion controlled below target at 12 months-were available
from 15/19 possible studies (7,138/8,292 [86%] of randomised participants).
Overall, self-monitoring was associated with reduced clinic systolic blood
pressure (sBP) compared to usual care at 12 months (-3.2 mmHg, [95% CI -4.9, -1.6
mmHg]). However, this effect was strongly influenced by the intensity of
co-intervention ranging from no effect with self-monitoring alone (-1.0 mmHg
[-3.3, 1.2]), to a 6.1 mmHg (-9.0, -3.2) reduction when monitoring was combined
with intensive support. Self-monitoring was most effective in those with fewer
antihypertensive medications and higher baseline sBP up to 170 mmHg. No
differences in efficacy were seen by sex or by most comorbidities. Ambulatory BP
data at 12 months were available from 4 trials (1,478 patients), which assessed
self-monitoring with little or no co-intervention. There was no association
between self-monitoring and either lower clinic or ambulatory sBP in this group
(clinic -0.2 mmHg [-2.2, 1.8]; ambulatory 1.1 mmHg [-0.3, 2.5]). Results for
diastolic blood pressure (dBP) were similar. The main limitation of this work was
that significant heterogeneity remained. This was at least in part due to
different inclusion criteria, self-monitoring regimes, and target BPs in included
studies. CONCLUSIONS: Self-monitoring alone is not associated with lower BP or
better control, but in conjunction with co-interventions (including systematic
medication titration by doctors, pharmacists, or patients; education; or
lifestyle counselling) leads to clinically significant BP reduction which
persists for at least 12 months. The implementation of self-monitoring in
hypertension should be accompanied by such co-interventions.