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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 J+Biol+Chem
2017 ; 292
(37
): 15408-15425
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Surface Toll-like receptor 3 expression in metastatic intestinal epithelial cells
induces inflammatory cytokine production and promotes invasiveness
#MMPMID28717003
Bugge M
; Bergstrom B
; Eide OK
; Solli H
; Kjønstad IF
; Stenvik J
; Espevik T
; Nilsen NJ
J Biol Chem
2017[Sep]; 292
(37
): 15408-15425
PMID28717003
show ga
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate immune receptors for sensing microbial
molecules and damage-associated molecular patterns released from host cells.
Double-stranded RNA and the synthetic analog polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid
(poly(I:C)) bind and activate TLR3. This stimulation leads to recruitment of the
adaptor molecule TRIF (Toll/IL-1 resistance (TIR) domain-containing
adapter-inducing interferon ?) and activation of the transcription factors
nuclear factor ?B (NF-?B) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), classically
inducing IFN? production. Here we report that, unlike non-metastatic intestinal
epithelial cells (IECs), metastatic IECs express TLR3 and that TLR3 promotes
invasiveness of these cells. In response to poly(I:C) addition, the metastatic
IECs also induced the chemokine CXCL10 in a TLR3-, TRIF-, and IRF3-dependent
manner but failed to produce IFN?. This was in contrast to healthy and
non-metastatic IECs, which did not respond to poly(I:C) stimulation.
Endolysosomal acidification and the endosomal transporter protein UNC93B1 was
required for poly(I:C)-induced CXCL10 production. However, TLR3-induced CXCL10
was triggered by immobilized poly(I:C), was only modestly affected by inhibition
of endocytosis, and could be blocked with an anti-TLR3 antibody, indicating that
TLR3 can still signal from the cell surface of these cells. Furthermore, plasma
membrane fractions from metastatic IECs contained both full-length and cleaved
TLR3, demonstrating surface expression of both forms of TLR3. Our results imply
that metastatic IECs express surface TLR3, allowing it to sense extracellular
stimuli that trigger chemokine responses and promote invasiveness in these cells.
We conclude that altered TLR3 expression and localization may have implications
for cancer progression.