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2017 ; 199
(7
): 2291-2304
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A Novel Computational Model Predicts Key Regulators of Chemokine Gradient
Formation in Lymph Nodes and Site-Specific Roles for CCL19 and ACKR4
#MMPMID28807994
Jafarnejad M
; Zawieja DC
; Brook BS
; Nibbs RJB
; Moore JE Jr
J Immunol
2017[Oct]; 199
(7
): 2291-2304
PMID28807994
show ga
The chemokine receptor CCR7 drives leukocyte migration into and within lymph
nodes (LNs). It is activated by chemokines CCL19 and CCL21, which are scavenged
by the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR4. CCR7-dependent navigation is determined
by the distribution of extracellular CCL19 and CCL21, which form concentration
gradients at specific microanatomical locations. The mechanisms underpinning the
establishment and regulation of these gradients are poorly understood. In this
article, we have incorporated multiple biochemical processes describing the
CCL19-CCL21-CCR7-ACKR4 network into our model of LN fluid flow to establish a
computational model to investigate intranodal chemokine gradients. Importantly,
the model recapitulates CCL21 gradients observed experimentally in B cell
follicles and interfollicular regions, building confidence in its ability to
accurately predict intranodal chemokine distribution. Parameter variation
analysis indicates that the directionality of these gradients is robust, but
their magnitude is sensitive to these key parameters: chemokine production,
diffusivity, matrix binding site availability, and CCR7 abundance. The model
indicates that lymph flow shapes intranodal CCL21 gradients, and that CCL19 is
functionally important at the boundary between B cell follicles and the T cell
area. It also predicts that ACKR4 in LNs prevents CCL19/CCL21 accumulation in
efferent lymph, but does not control intranodal gradients. Instead, it attributes
the disrupted interfollicular CCL21 gradients observed in Ackr4-deficient LNs to
ACKR4 loss upstream. Our novel approach has therefore generated new testable
hypotheses and alternative interpretations of experimental data. Moreover, it
acts as a framework to investigate gradients at other locations, including those
that cannot be visualized experimentally or involve other chemokines.