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2017 ; 7
(1
): 11704
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Radiation damage at the active site of human alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
reveals that the cofactor position is finely tuned during catalysis
#MMPMID28916765
Giardina G
; Paiardini A
; Montioli R
; Cellini B
; Voltattorni CB
; Cutruzzolà F
Sci Rep
2017[Sep]; 7
(1
): 11704
PMID28916765
show ga
The alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT), a hepatocyte-specific
pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzyme, transaminates L-alanine and
glyoxylate to glycine and pyruvate, thus detoxifying glyoxylate and preventing
pathological oxalate precipitation in tissues. In the widely accepted catalytic
mechanism of the aminotransferase family, the lysine binding to PLP acts as a
catalyst in the stepwise 1,3-proton transfer, interconverting the external
aldimine to ketimine. This step requires protonation by a conserved aspartate of
the pyridine nitrogen of PLP to enhance its ability to stabilize the carbanionic
intermediate. The aspartate residue is also responsible for a significant
geometrical distortion of the internal aldimine, crucial for catalysis. We
present the structure of human AGT in which complete X-ray photoreduction of the
Schiff base has occurred. This result, together with two crystal structures of
the conserved aspartate pathogenic variant (D183N) and the molecular modeling of
the transaldimination step, led us to propose that an interplay of opposite
forces, which we named spring mechanism, finely tunes PLP geometry during
catalysis and is essential to move the external aldimine in the correct position
in order for the 1,3-proton transfer to occur.