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2017 ; 8
(ä): 1521
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Oxytocin as an Indicator of Psychological and Social Well-Being in Domesticated
Animals: A Critical Review
#MMPMID28955264
Rault JL
; van den Munkhof M
; Buisman-Pijlman FTA
Front Psychol
2017[]; 8
(ä): 1521
PMID28955264
show ga
Oxytocin is often portrayed as a hormone specific to social behavior, reflective
of positive welfare states, and linked to mental states. Research on oxytocin in
domesticated animal species has been few to date but is rapidly increasing (in
dog, pig, cattle, sheep), with direct implications for animal welfare. This
review evaluates the evidence for the specificity of oxytocin as an indicator of:
1. Social, 2. Positive, and 3. Psychological well-being. Oxytocin has most often
been studied in socially relevant paradigms, with a lack of non-social control
paradigms. Oxytocin research appears biased toward investigating positive
valence, with a lack of control in valence or arousal. Oxytocin actions are
modulated by the environmental and social contexts, which are important factors
to consider. Limited evidence supports that oxytocin's actions are linked to
psychological states; nevertheless whether this is a direct effect of oxytocin
per se remains to be demonstrated. Overall, it is premature to judge oxytocin's
potential as an animal welfare indicator given the few and discrepant findings
and a lack of standardization in methodology. We cover potential causes for
discrepancies and suggest solutions through appropriate methodological design,
oxytocin sampling or delivery, analysis and reporting. Of particular interest,
the oxytocinergic system as a whole remains poorly understood. Appreciation for
the differences that social contact and group living pose in domesticated species
and the way they interact with humans should be key considerations in using
oxytocin as a psychosocial indicator of well-being.