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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Curr+Neurovasc+Res
2017 ; 14
(3
): 299-304
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Moving to the Rhythm with Clock (Circadian) Genes, Autophagy, mTOR, and SIRT1 in
Degenerative Disease and Cancer
#MMPMID28721811
Maiese K
Curr Neurovasc Res
2017[]; 14
(3
): 299-304
PMID28721811
show ga
BACKGROUND: The mammalian circadian clock and its associated clock genes are
increasingly been recognized as critical components for a number of physiological
and disease processes that extend beyond hormone release, thermal regulation, and
sleep-wake cycles. New evidence suggests that clinical behavior disruptions that
involve prolonged shift work and even space travel may negatively impact
circadian rhythm and lead to multi-system disease. METHODS: In light of the
significant role circadian rhythm can hold over the body's normal physiology as
well as disease processes, we examined and discussed the impact circadian rhythm
and clock genes hold over lifespan, neurodegenerative disorders, and
tumorigenesis. RESULTS: In experimental models, lifespan is significantly reduced
with the introduction of arrhythmic mutants and leads to an increase in oxidative
stress exposure. Interestingly, patients with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's
disease may suffer disease onset or progression as a result of alterations in the
DNA methylation of clock genes as well as prolonged pharmacological treatment for
these disorders that may lead to impairment of circadian rhythm function.
Tumorigenesis also can occur with the loss of a maintained circadian rhythm and
lead to an increased risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, breast cancer, and
metastatic colorectal cancer. Interestingly, the circadian clock system relies
upon the regulation of the critical pathways of autophagy, the mechanistic target
of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), and silent mating type
information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1) as well as
proliferative mechanisms that involve the wingless pathway of Wnt/?-catenin
pathway to foster cell survival during injury and block tumor cell growth.
CONCLUSION: Future targeting of the pathways of autophagy, mTOR, SIRT1, and Wnt
that control mammalian circadian rhythm may hold the key for the development of
novel and effective therapies against aging- related disorders, neurodegenerative
disease, and tumorigenesis.