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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Front+Physiol
2017 ; 8
(ä): 666
Nephropedia Template TP
Carmona A
; Guerrero F
; Buendia P
; Obrero T
; Aljama P
; Carracedo J
Front Physiol
2017[]; 8
(ä): 666
PMID28951723
show ga
Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of mortality in chronic kidney disease
patients. Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a typical protein-bound uremic toxin that
cannot be effectively cleared by conventional dialysis. Increased IS is
associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease and development of
cardiovascular disease. After endothelial activation by IS, cells release
endothelial microvesicles (EMV) that can induce endothelial dysfunction. We
developed an in vitro model of endothelial damage mediated by IS to evaluate the
functional effect of EMV on the endothelial repair process developed by
endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). EMV derived from IS-treated endothelial
cells were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized for miRNAs content.
The effects of EMV on healthy EPCs in culture were studied. We observed that IS
activates endothelial cells and the generated microvesicles (IsEMV) can modulate
the classic endothelial roles of progenitor cells as colony forming units and
form new vessels in vitro. Moreover, 23 miRNAs were contained in IsEMV including
four (miR-181a-5p, miR-4454, miR-150-5p, and hsa-let-7i-5p) that were upregulated
in IsEMV compared with control endothelial microvesicles. Other authors have
found that miR-181a-5p, miR-4454, and miR-150-5p are involved in promoting
inflammation, apoptosis, and cellular senescence. Interestingly, we observed an
increase in NF?B and p53, and a decrease in I?B? in EPCs treated with IsEMV. Our
data suggest that IS is capable of inducing endothelial vesiculation with
different membrane characteristics, miRNAs and other molecules, which makes
maintaining of vascular homeostasis of EPCs not fully functional. These specific
characteristics of EMV could be used as novel biomarkers for diagnosis and
prognosis of vascular disease.