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2017 ; 12
(9
): e0183711
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Postoperative lead migration in deep brain stimulation surgery: Incidence, risk
factors, and clinical impact
#MMPMID28902876
Morishita T
; Hilliard JD
; Okun MS
; Neal D
; Nestor KA
; Peace D
; Hozouri AA
; Davidson MR
; Bova FJ
; Sporrer JM
; Oyama G
; Foote KD
PLoS One
2017[]; 12
(9
): e0183711
PMID28902876
show ga
INTRODUCTION: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for multiple
movement disorders and shows substantial promise for the treatment of some
neuropsychiatric and other disorders of brain neurocircuitry. Optimal
neuroanatomical lead position is a critical determinant of clinical outcomes in
DBS surgery. Lead migration, defined as an unintended post-operative displacement
of the DBS lead, has been previously reported. Despite several reports, however,
there have been no systematic investigations of this issue. This study aimed to:
1) quantify the incidence of lead migration in a large series of DBS patients, 2)
identify potential risk factors contributing to DBS lead migration, and 3)
investigate the practical importance of this complication by correlating its
occurrence with clinical outcomes. METHODS: A database of all DBS procedures
performed at UF was queried for patients who had undergone multiple
post-operative DBS lead localization imaging studies separated by at least two
months. Bilateral DBS implantation has commonly been performed as a staged
procedure at UF, with an interval of six or more months between sides. To
localize the position of each DBS lead, a head CT is acquired ~4 weeks after lead
implantation and fused to the pre-operative targeting MRI. The fused targeting
images (MR + stereotactic CT) acquired in preparation for the delayed second side
lead implantation provide an opportunity to repeat the localization of the first
implanted lead. This paradigm offers an ideal patient population for the study of
delayed DBS lead migration because it provides a large cohort of patients with
localization of the same implanted DBS lead at two time points. The position of
the tip of each implanted DBS lead was measured on both the initial
post-operative lead localization CT and the delayed CT. Lead tip displacement,
intracranial lead length, and ventricular indices were collected and analyzed.
Clinical outcomes were characterized with validated rating scales for all cases,
and a comparison was made between outcomes of cases with lead migration versus
those where migration of the lead did not occur. RESULTS: Data from 138 leads in
132 patients with initial and delayed lead localization CT scans were analyzed.
The mean distance between initial and delayed DBS lead tip position was 2.2 mm
and the mean change in intracranial lead length was 0.45 mm. Significant delayed
migration (>3 mm) was observed in 17 leads in 16 patients (12.3% of leads, 12.1%
of patients). Factors associated with lead migration were: technical error,
repetitive dystonic head movement, and twiddler's syndrome. Outcomes were worse
in dystonia patients with lead migration (p = 0.035). In the PD group, worse
clinical outcomes trended in cases with lead migration. CONCLUSIONS: Over 10% of
DBS leads in this large single center cohort were displaced by greater than 3 mm
on delayed measurement, adversely affecting outcomes. Multiple risk factors
emerged, including technical error during implantation of the DBS pulse generator
and failure of lead fixation at the burr hole site. We hypothesize that a change
in surgical technique and a more effective lead fixation device might mitigate
this problem.
|Adult
[MESH]
|Aged
[MESH]
|Brain/diagnostic imaging/surgery
[MESH]
|Deep Brain Stimulation/*adverse effects/instrumentation/methods/*statistics &
numerical data
[MESH]