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2018 ; 14
(ä): 100-115
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Iron accumulation in senescent cells is coupled with impaired ferritinophagy and
inhibition of ferroptosis
#MMPMID28888202
Masaldan S
; Clatworthy SAS
; Gamell C
; Meggyesy PM
; Rigopoulos AT
; Haupt S
; Haupt Y
; Denoyer D
; Adlard PA
; Bush AI
; Cater MA
Redox Biol
2018[Apr]; 14
(ä): 100-115
PMID28888202
show ga
Cellular senescence is characterised by the irreversible arrest of proliferation,
a pro-inflammatory secretory phenotype and evasion of programmed cell death
mechanisms. We report that senescence alters cellular iron acquisition and
storage and also impedes iron-mediated cell death pathways. Senescent cells,
regardless of stimuli (irradiation, replicative or oncogenic), accumulate vast
amounts of intracellular iron (up to 30-fold) with concomitant changes in the
levels of iron homeostasis proteins. For instance, ferritin (iron storage) levels
provided a robust biomarker of cellular senescence, for associated iron
accumulation and for resistance to iron-induced toxicity. Cellular senescence
preceded iron accumulation and was not perturbed by sustained iron chelation
(deferiprone). Iron accumulation in senescent cells was driven by impaired
ferritinophagy, a lysosomal process that promotes ferritin degradation and
ferroptosis. Lysosomal dysfunction in senescent cells was confirmed through
several markers, including the build-up of microtubule-associated protein light
chain 3 (LC3-II) in autophagosomes. Impaired ferritin degradation explains the
iron accumulation phenotype of senescent cells, whereby iron is effectively
trapped in ferritin creating a perceived cellular deficiency. Accordingly,
senescent cells were highly resistant to ferroptosis. Promoting ferritin
degradation by using the autophagy activator rapamycin averted the iron
accumulation phenotype of senescent cells, preventing the increase of TfR1,
ferritin and intracellular iron, but failed to re-sensitize these cells to
ferroptosis. Finally, the enrichment of senescent cells in mouse ageing hepatic
tissue was found to accompany iron accumulation, an elevation in ferritin and
mirrored our observations using cultured senescent cells.