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2017 ; 36
(36
): 5087-5097
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Critical role of Myc activation in mouse hepatocarcinogenesis induced by the
activation of AKT and RAS pathways
#MMPMID28481866
Xin B
; Yamamoto M
; Fujii K
; Ooshio T
; Chen X
; Okada Y
; Watanabe K
; Miyokawa N
; Furukawa H
; Nishikawa Y
Oncogene
2017[Sep]; 36
(36
): 5087-5097
PMID28481866
show ga
MYC activation at modest levels has been frequently found in hepatocellular
carcinoma. However, its significance in hepatocarcinogenesis has remained
obscure. Here we examined the role of Myc activation in mouse liver tumours
induced by hepatocytic expression of myristoylated AKT (AKT) and/or mutant
HRAS(V12) (HRAS) via transposon-mediated gene integration. AKT or HRAS alone
required 5 months to induce liver tumours, whereas their combination generated
hepatocellular carcinoma within 8 weeks. Co-introduction of AKT and HRAS induced
lipid-laden preneoplastic cells that grew into nodules composed of tumour cells
with or without intracytoplasmic lipid, with the latter being more proliferative
and associated with spontaneous Myc expression. AKT/HRAS-induced tumorigenesis
was almost completely abolished when MadMyc, a competitive Myc inhibitor, was
expressed simultaneously. The Tet-On induction of MadMyc in preneoplastic cells
significantly inhibited the progression of AKT/HRAS-induced tumours; its
induction in transformed cells suppressed their proliferative activity with
alterations in lipid metabolism and protein translation. Transposon-mediated Myc
overexpression facilitated tumorigenesis by AKT or HRAS, and when it was
co-introduced with AKT and HRAS, diffusely infiltrating tumours without lipid
accumulation developed as early as 2 weeks. Examination of the dose-responses of
Myc in the enhancement of AKT/HRAS-induced tumorigenesis revealed that a
reduction to one-third retained enhancing effect but three-times greater
introduction damped the process with increased apoptosis. Myc overexpression
suppressed the mRNA expression of proteins involved in the synthesis of fatty
acids, and when combined with HRAS introduction, it also suppressed the mRNA
expression of proteins involved in their degradation. Finally, the MYC-positive
human hepatocellular carcinoma was characterized by the cytoplasm devoid of lipid
accumulation, prominent nucleoli and a higher proliferative activity. Our results
demonstrate that in hepatocarcinogenesis induced by both activated AKT and HRAS,
activation of endogenous Myc is an enhancing factor and adequate levels of Myc
deregulation further facilitate the process with alterations in cellular
metabolism.