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2017 ; 9
(35
): 29394-29411
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Chemical Functionalization of Plasmonic Surface Biosensors: A Tutorial Review on
Issues, Strategies, and Costs
#MMPMID28796479
Oliverio M
; Perotto S
; Messina GC
; Lovato L
; De Angelis F
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
2017[Sep]; 9
(35
): 29394-29411
PMID28796479
show ga
In an ideal plasmonic surface sensor, the bioactive area, where analytes are
recognized by specific biomolecules, is surrounded by an area that is generally
composed of a different material. The latter, often the surface of the supporting
chip, is generally hard to be selectively functionalized, with respect to the
active area. As a result, cross talks between the active area and the surrounding
one may occur. In designing a plasmonic sensor, various issues must be addressed:
the specificity of analyte recognition, the orientation of the immobilized
biomolecule that acts as the analyte receptor, and the selectivity of surface
coverage. The objective of this tutorial review is to introduce the main rational
tools required for a correct and complete approach to chemically functionalize
plasmonic surface biosensors. After a short introduction, the review discusses,
in detail, the most common strategies for achieving effective surface
functionalization. The most important issues, such as the orientation of active
molecules and spatial and chemical selectivity, are considered. A list of
well-defined protocols is suggested for the most common practical situations.
Importantly, for the reported protocols, we also present direct comparisons in
term of costs, labor demand, and risk vs benefit balance. In addition, a survey
of the most used characterization techniques necessary to validate the chemical
protocols is reported.