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2017 ; 469
(10
): 1287-1299
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Na (+)/Ca(2+) exchangers and Orai channels jointly refill endoplasmic reticulum
(ER) Ca(2+) via ER nanojunctions in vascular endothelial cells
#MMPMID28497275
Di Giuro CML
; Shrestha N
; Malli R
; Groschner K
; van Breemen C
; Fameli N
Pflugers Arch
2017[Oct]; 469
(10
): 1287-1299
PMID28497275
show ga
We investigated the role of Na(+)/ Ca(2+) exchange (NCX) in the refilling of
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) in vascular endothelial cells under various
conditions of cell stimulation and plasma membrane (PM) polarization. Better
understanding of the mechanisms behind basic ER Ca(2+) content regulation is
important, since current hypotheses on the possible ultimate causes of ER stress
point to deterioration of the Ca(2+) transport mechanism to/from ER itself. We
measured [Ca(2+)](i) temporal changes by Fura-2 fluorescence under experimental
protocols that inhibit a host of transporters (NCX, Orai, non-selective transient
receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels, sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)
ATPase (SERCA), Na(+)/ K(+) ATPase (NKA)) involved in the Ca(2+) communication
between the extracellular space and the ER. Following histamine-stimulated ER
Ca(2+) release, blockade of NCX Ca(2+)-influx mode (by 10 ?M KB-R7943) diminished
the ER refilling capacity by about 40%, while in Orai1 dominant
negative-transfected cells NCX blockade attenuated ER refilling by about 60%.
Conversely, inhibiting the ouabain sensitive NKA (10 nM ouabain), which may be
localized in PM-ER junctions, increased the ER Ca(2+) releasable fraction by
about 20%, thereby supporting the hypothesis that this process of privileged ER
refilling is junction-mediated. Junctions were observed in the cell
ultrastructure and their main parameters of membrane separation and linear
extension were (9.6 ± 3.8) nm and (128 ± 63) nm, respectively. Our findings point
to a process of privileged refilling of the ER, in which NCX and store-operated
Ca(2+) entry via the stromal interaction molecule (STIM)-Orai system are the sole
protagonists. These results shed light on the molecular machinery involved in the
function of a previously hypothesized subplasmalemmal Ca(2+) control unit during
ER refilling with extracellular Ca(2+).