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2017 ; 45
(15
): 8835-8843
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Flipping states: a few key residues decide the winning conformation of the only
universally conserved transcription factor
#MMPMID28605514
Shi D
; Svetlov D
; Abagyan R
; Artsimovitch I
Nucleic Acids Res
2017[Sep]; 45
(15
): 8835-8843
PMID28605514
show ga
Transcription factors from the NusG family bind to the elongating RNA polymerase
to enable synthesis of long RNAs in all domains of life. In bacteria, NusG
frequently co-exists with specialized paralogs that regulate expression of a
small set of targets, many of which encode virulence factors. Escherichia coli
RfaH is the exemplar of this regulatory mechanism. In contrast to NusG, which
freely binds to RNA polymerase, RfaH exists in a structurally distinct
autoinhibitory state in which the RNA polymerase-binding site is buried at the
interface between two RfaH domains. Binding to an ops DNA sequence triggers
structural transformation wherein the domains dissociate and RfaH refolds into a
NusG-like structure. Formation of the autoinhibitory state, and thus
sequence-specific recruitment, represents the decisive step in the evolutionary
history of the RfaH subfamily. We used computational and experimental approaches
to identify the residues that confer the unique regulatory properties of RfaH.
Our analysis highlighted highly conserved Ile and Phe residues at the RfaH
interdomain interface. Replacement of these residues with equally conserved Glu
and Val counterpart residues in NusG destabilized interactions between the RfaH
domains and allowed sequence-independent recruitment to RNA polymerase,
suggesting a plausible pathway for diversification of NusG paralogs.