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2017 ; 8
(ä): 654
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Coping with Salt Water Habitats: Metabolic and Oxidative Responses to Salt Intake
in the Rufous-Collared Sparrow
#MMPMID28919865
Sabat P
; Narváez C
; Peña-Villalobos I
; Contreras C
; Maldonado K
; Sanchez-Hernandez JC
; Newsome SD
; Nespolo R
; Bozinovic F
Front Physiol
2017[]; 8
(ä): 654
PMID28919865
show ga
Many physiological adjustments occur in response to salt intake in several marine
taxa, which manifest at different scales from changes in the concentration of
individual molecules to physical traits of whole organisms. Little is known about
the influence of salinity on the distribution, physiological performance, and
ecology of passerines; specifically, the impact of drinking water salinity on the
oxidative status of birds has been largely ignored. In this study, we evaluated
whether experimental variations in the salt intake of a widely-distributed
passerine (Zontotrichia capensis) could generate differences in basal (BMR) and
maximum metabolic rates (M(sum)), as well as affect metabolic enzyme activity and
oxidative status. We measured rates of energy expenditure of birds after 30-d
acclimation to drink salt (SW) or tap (fresh) water (TW) and assessed changes in
the activity of mitochondrial enzymes (cytochrome c oxidase and citrate synthase)
in skeletal muscle, heart, and kidney. Finally, we evaluated the oxidative status
of bird tissues by means of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide
dismutase activities and lipid oxidative damage (Malondialdehyde, MDA). The
results revealed a significant increase in BMR but not M(sum), which resulted in
a reduction in factorial aerobic scope in SW- vs. TW-acclimated birds. These
changes were paralleled with increased kidney and intestine masses and catabolic
activities in tissues, especially in pectoralis muscle. We also found that TAC
and MDA concentrations were ~120 and ~400% higher, respectively in the liver of
animals acclimated to the SW- vs. TW-treatment. Our study is the first to
document changes in the oxidative status in birds that persistently drink
saltwater, and shows that they undergo several physiological adjustments that
range that range in scale from biochemical capacities (e.g., TAC and MDA) to
whole organism traits (e.g., metabolic rates). We propose that the physiological
changes observed in Z. capensis acclimated to saltwater could be common phenomena
in birds and likely explain selection of prey containing little salt and habitats
associated with low salinity.