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2017 ; 8
(31
): 51888-51906
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Reduction-oxidation pathways involved in cancer development: a systematic review
of literature reviews
#MMPMID28881698
Gāo X
; Schöttker B
Oncotarget
2017[Aug]; 8
(31
): 51888-51906
PMID28881698
show ga
Oxidative stress results from an imbalance of the reactive oxygen
species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) production and the oxidants defense
system. Extensive research during the last decades has revealed that oxidative
stress can mediate cancer initiation and development by leading not only to
molecular damage but also to a disruption of reduction-oxidation (redox)
signaling. In order to provide a global overview of the redox signaling pathways,
which play a role in cancer formation, we conducted a systematic literature
search in PubMed and ISI Web of Science and identified 185 relevant reviews
published in the last 10 years. The 20 most frequently described pathways were
selected to be presented in this systematic review and could be categorized into
3 groups: Intracellular ROS/RNS generating organelles and enzymes, signal
transduction cascades kinases/phosphatases and transcription factors.
Intracellular ROS/RNS generation organelles are mitochondria, endoplasmic
reticulum and peroxisomes. Enzymes, including NOX, COX, LOX and NOS, are the most
prominent enzymes generating ROS/RNS. ROS/RNS act as redox messengers of
transmembrane receptors and trigger the activation or inhibition of signal
transduction kinases/phosphatases, such as the family members of protein tyrosine
kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases. Furthermore, these reactions activate
downstream signaling pathways including protein kinase of the MAPK cascade, PI3K
and PKC. The kinases and phosphatases regulate the phosphorylation status of
transcription factors including APE1/Ref-1, HIF-1?, AP-1, Nrf2, NF-?B, p53, FOXO,
STAT, and ?-catenin. Finally, we briefly discuss cancer prevention and treatment
opportunities, which address redox pathways and further research needs.