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2017 ; 2
(2
): 139-155
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Designing biomaterials with immunomodulatory properties for tissue engineering
and regenerative medicine
#MMPMID28932817
Andorko JI
; Jewell CM
Bioeng Transl Med
2017[Jun]; 2
(2
): 139-155
PMID28932817
show ga
Recent research in the vaccine and immunotherapy fields has revealed that
biomaterials have the ability to activate immune pathways, even in the absence of
other immune-stimulating signals. Intriguingly, new studies reveal these
responses are influenced by the physicochemical properties of the material.
Nearly all of this work has been done in the vaccine and immunotherapy fields,
but there is tremendous opportunity to apply this same knowledge to tissue
engineering and regenerative medicine. This review discusses recent findings that
reveal how material properties-size, shape, chemical functionality-impact immune
response, and links these changes to emerging opportunities in tissue engineering
and regenerative medicine. We begin by discussing what has been learned from
studies conducted in the contexts of vaccines and immunotherapies. Next, research
is highlighted that elucidates the properties of materials that polarize innate
immune cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells, toward either
inflammatory or wound healing phenotypes. We also discuss recent studies
demonstrating that scaffolds used in tissue engineering applications can
influence cells of the adaptive immune system-B and T cell lymphocytes-to promote
regenerative tissue microenvironments. Through greater study of the intrinsic
immunogenic features of implantable materials and scaffolds, new translational
opportunities will arise to better control tissue engineering and regenerative
medicine applications.