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2017 ; 11
(ä): 415
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Evolutionary and Modern Image Content Differentially Influence the Processing of
Emotional Pictures
#MMPMID28878638
Dhum M
; Herwig U
; Opialla S
; Siegrist M
; Brühl AB
Front Hum Neurosci
2017[]; 11
(ä): 415
PMID28878638
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From an evolutionary perspective, environmental threats relevant for survival
constantly challenged human beings. Current research suggests the evolution of a
fear processing module in the brain to cope with these threats. Recently, humans
increasingly encountered modern threats (e.g., guns or car accidents) in addition
to evolutionary threats (e.g., snakes or predators) which presumably required an
adaptation of perception and behavior. However, the neural processes underlying
the perception of these different threats remain to be elucidated. We
investigated the effect of image content (i.e., evolutionary vs. modern threats)
on the activation of neural networks of emotion processing. During functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) 41 participants watched affective pictures
displaying evolutionary-threatening, modern-threatening, evolutionary-neutral and
modern-neutral content. Evolutionary-threatening stimuli evoked stronger
activations than modern-threatening stimuli in left inferior frontal gyrus and
thalamus, right middle frontal gyrus and parietal regions as well as bilaterally
in parietal regions, fusiform gyrus and bilateral amygdala. We observed the
opposite effect, i.e., higher activity for modern-threatening than for
evolutionary-threatening stimuli, bilaterally in the posterior cingulate and the
parahippocampal gyrus. We found no differences in subjective arousal ratings
between the two threatening conditions. On the valence scale though, subjects
rated modern-threatening pictures significantly more negative than
evolutionary-threatening pictures, indicating a higher level of perceived threat.
The majority of previous studies show a positive relationship between arousal
rating and amygdala activity. However, comparing fMRI results with behavioral
findings we provide evidence that neural activity in fear processing areas is not
only driven by arousal or valence, but presumably also by the evolutionary
content of the stimulus. This has also fundamental methodological implications,
in the sense to suggest a more elaborate classification of stimulus content to
improve the validity of experimental designs.
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