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2017 ; 4
(Pt 4
): 439-454
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Serial millisecond crystallography of membrane and soluble protein microcrystals
using synchrotron radiation
#MMPMID28875031
Martin-Garcia JM
; Conrad CE
; Nelson G
; Stander N
; Zatsepin NA
; Zook J
; Zhu L
; Geiger J
; Chun E
; Kissick D
; Hilgart MC
; Ogata C
; Ishchenko A
; Nagaratnam N
; Roy-Chowdhury S
; Coe J
; Subramanian G
; Schaffer A
; James D
; Ketwala G
; Venugopalan N
; Xu S
; Corcoran S
; Ferguson D
; Weierstall U
; Spence JCH
; Cherezov V
; Fromme P
; Fischetti RF
; Liu W
IUCrJ
2017[Jul]; 4
(Pt 4
): 439-454
PMID28875031
show ga
Crystal structure determination of biological macromolecules using the novel
technique of serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) is severely limited by the
scarcity of X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) sources. However, recent and future
upgrades render microfocus beamlines at synchrotron-radiation sources suitable
for room-temperature serial crystallography data collection also. Owing to the
longer exposure times that are needed at synchrotrons, serial data collection is
termed serial millisecond crystallography (SMX). As a result, the number of SMX
experiments is growing rapidly, with a dozen experiments reported so far. Here,
the first high-viscosity injector-based SMX experiments carried out at a US
synchrotron source, the Advanced Photon Source (APS), are reported. Microcrystals
(5-20?µm) of a wide variety of proteins, including lysozyme, thaumatin,
phycocyanin, the human A(2A) adenosine receptor (A(2A)AR), the soluble fragment
of the membrane lipoprotein Flpp3 and proteinase K, were screened. Crystals
suspended in lipidic cubic phase (LCP) or a high-molecular-weight poly(ethylene
oxide) (PEO; molecular weight 8?000?000) were delivered to the beam using a
high-viscosity injector. In-house data-reduction (hit-finding) software developed
at APS as well as the SFX data-reduction and analysis software suites Cheetah and
CrystFEL enabled efficient on-site SMX data monitoring, reduction and processing.
Complete data sets were collected for A(2A)AR, phycocyanin, Flpp3, proteinase K
and lysozyme, and the structures of A(2A)AR, phycocyanin, proteinase K and
lysozyme were determined at 3.2, 3.1, 2.65 and 2.05?Å resolution, respectively.
The data demonstrate the feasibility of serial millisecond crystallography from
5-20?µm crystals using a high-viscosity injector at APS. The resolution of the
crystal structures obtained in this study was dictated by the current flux
density and crystal size, but upcoming developments in beamline optics and the
planned APS-U upgrade will increase the intensity by two orders of magnitude.
These developments will enable structure determination from smaller and/or weakly
diffracting microcrystals.