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2017 ; 7
(1
): 9348
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Hypermasculinised facial morphology in boys and girls with Autism Spectrum
Disorder and its association with symptomatology
#MMPMID28839245
Tan DW
; Gilani SZ
; Maybery MT
; Mian A
; Hunt A
; Walters M
; Whitehouse AJO
Sci Rep
2017[Aug]; 7
(1
): 9348
PMID28839245
show ga
Elevated prenatal testosterone exposure has been associated with Autism Spectrum
Disorder (ASD) and facial masculinity. By employing three-dimensional (3D)
photogrammetry, the current study investigated whether prepubescent boys and
girls with ASD present increased facial masculinity compared to
typically-developing controls. There were two phases to this research. 3D facial
images were obtained from a normative sample of 48 boys and 53 girls (3.01-12.44
years old) to determine typical facial masculinity/femininity. The sexually
dimorphic features were used to create a continuous 'gender score', indexing
degree of facial masculinity. Gender scores based on 3D facial images were then
compared for 54 autistic and 54 control boys (3.01-12.52 years old), and also for
20 autistic and 60 control girls (4.24-11.78 years). For each sex, increased
facial masculinity was observed in the ASD group relative to control group.
Further analyses revealed that increased facial masculinity in the ASD group
correlated with more social-communication difficulties based on the Social Affect
score derived from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale-Generic (ADOS-G).
There was no association between facial masculinity and the derived Restricted
and Repetitive Behaviours score. This is the first study demonstrating facial
hypermasculinisation in ASD and its relationship to social-communication
difficulties in prepubescent children.