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2017 ; 421
(ä): 168-178
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Alveolar septal patterning during compensatory lung growth: Part II the effect of
parenchymal pressure gradients
#MMPMID28363864
Haber S
; Weisbord M
; Mentzer SJ
; Tsuda A
J Theor Biol
2017[May]; 421
(ä): 168-178
PMID28363864
show ga
In most mammals, compensatory lung growth occurs after the removal of one lung
(pneumonectomy). Although the mechanism of alveolar growth is unknown, the
patterning of complex alveolar geometry over organ-sized length scales is a
central question in regenerative lung biology. Because shear forces appear
capable of signaling the differentiation of important cells involved in
neoalveolarization (fibroblasts and myofibroblasts), interstitial fluid mechanics
provide a potential mechanism for the patterning of alveolar growth. The movement
of interstitial fluid is created by two basic mechanisms: 1) the non-uniform
motion of the boundary walls, and 2) parenchymal pressure gradients external to
the interstitial fluid. In a previous study (Haber et al., Journal of Theoretical
Biology 400: 118-128, 2016), we investigated the effects of non-uniform
stretching of the primary septum (associated with its heterogeneous mechanical
properties) during breathing on generating non-uniform Stokes flow in the
interstitial space. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of parenchymal
pressure gradients on interstitial flow. Dependent upon lung microarchitecture
and physiologic conditions, parenchymal pressure gradients had a significant
effect on the shear stress distribution in the interstitial space of primary
septa. A dimensionless parameter ? described the ratio between the effects of a
pressure gradient and the influence of non-uniform primary septal wall motion.
Assuming that secondary septa are formed where shear stresses were the largest,
it is shown that the geometry of the newly generated secondary septa was governed
by the value of ?. For ? smaller than 0.26, the alveolus size was halved while
for higher values its original size was unaltered. We conclude that the movement
of interstitial fluid, governed by parenchymal pressure gradients and non-uniform
primary septa wall motion, provides a plausible mechanism for the patterning of
alveolar growth.