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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Curr+Opin+Allergy+Clin+Immunol 2017 ; 17 (2): 131-8 Nephropedia Template TP
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Management of preschool recurrent wheezing and asthma: a phenotype-based approach #MMPMID28118241
Purpose of review: The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent evidence on the management of preschool children with wheezing and asthma, and to propose a phenotype-based approach to the management of these children. Recent findings: Recent studies have begun to identify populations of preschool children that are likely to benefit from inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) therapy and defined ICS regimens: daily ICS in preschool children with persistent asthma and preemptive high-dose intermittent ICS among preschool children with intermittent disease reduce the risk of exacerbation. In addition, among preschool children with mild persistent asthma, the presence of aeroallergen sensitivity and/or blood eosinophil counts ? 300/mL are predictors of good response to daily ICS therapy. (Figure 1) Other studies identified intermittent azithromycin as a therapy to prevent, and potentially to treat, exacerbations.The uncertainty of the role of oral corticosteroids (OCS) as a therapy for acute exacerbations continues, as a recent meta-analysis showed that OCS did not prevent hospitalizations or urgent visits, and did not reduce the need for additional courses of OCS. While epidemiologic studies suggested acetaminophen may increase risk of exacerbations, a clinical trial clearly demonstrated acetaminophen use does not increase exacerbation risk among preschool children with mild- persistent asthma. Summary: Recent studies have shown potential for phenotypic-driven therapies for the management of preschool children with asthma. Targeting airway bacteria has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach, but its effect on antibiotic resistance still need to investigated. Finally, more studies are required to evaluate if oral corticosteroids provide any benefits for acute episodic wheeze.