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2017 ; 59
(ä): 158-177
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Roles of exosomes in the normal and diseased eye
#MMPMID28465248
Klingeborn M
; Dismuke WM
; Bowes Rickman C
; Stamer WD
Prog Retin Eye Res
2017[Jul]; 59
(ä): 158-177
PMID28465248
show ga
Exosomes are nanometer-sized vesicles that are released by cells in a controlled
fashion and mediate a plethora of extra- and intercellular activities. Some key
functions of exosomes include cell-cell communication, immune modulation,
extracellular matrix turnover, stem cell division/differentiation,
neovascularization and cellular waste removal. While much is known about their
role in cancer, exosome function in the many specialized tissues of the eye is
just beginning to undergo rigorous study. Here we review current knowledge of
exosome function in the visual system in the context of larger bodies of data
from other fields, in both health and disease. Additionally, we discuss recent
advances in the exosome field including use of exosomes as a therapeutic vehicle,
exosomes as a source of biomarkers for disease, plus current standards for
isolation and validation of exosome populations. Finally, we use this
foundational information about exosomes in the eye as a platform to identify
areas of opportunity for future research studies.