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2017 ; 127
(8
): 2904-2915
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Inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes and their conversion to M2 macrophages drive
atherosclerosis regression
#MMPMID28650342
Rahman K
; Vengrenyuk Y
; Ramsey SA
; Vila NR
; Girgis NM
; Liu J
; Gusarova V
; Gromada J
; Weinstock A
; Moore KJ
; Loke P
; Fisher EA
J Clin Invest
2017[Aug]; 127
(8
): 2904-2915
PMID28650342
show ga
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, and developing therapies to
promote its regression is an important clinical goal. We previously established
that atherosclerosis regression is characterized by an overall decrease in plaque
macrophages and enrichment in markers of alternatively activated M2 macrophages.
We have now investigated the origin and functional requirement for M2 macrophages
in regression in normolipidemic mice that received transplants of atherosclerotic
aortic segments. We compared plaque regression in WT normolipidemic recipients
and those deficient in chemokine receptors necessary to recruit inflammatory
Ly6Chi (Ccr2-/- or Cx3cr1-/-) or patrolling Ly6Clo (Ccr5-/-) monocytes.
Atherosclerotic plaques transplanted into WT or Ccr5-/- recipients showed reduced
macrophage content and increased M2 markers consistent with plaque regression,
whereas plaques transplanted into Ccr2-/- or Cx3cr1-/- recipients lacked this
regression signature. The requirement of recipient Ly6Chi monocyte recruitment
was confirmed in cell trafficking studies. Fate-mapping and single-cell RNA
sequencing studies also showed that M2-like macrophages were derived from newly
recruited monocytes. Furthermore, we used recipient mice deficient in STAT6 to
demonstrate a requirement for this critical component of M2 polarization in
atherosclerosis regression. Collectively, these results suggest that continued
recruitment of Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes and their STAT6-dependent
polarization to the M2 state are required for resolution of atherosclerotic
inflammation and plaque regression.