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The Role of the Microbiome in Cancer Development and Therapy #MMPMID28481406
Bhatt AP; Redinbo MR; Bultman SJ
CA Cancer J Clin 2017[Jul]; 67 (4): 326-44 PMID28481406show ga
The human body harbors an enormous number of microbiota that influence cancer susceptibility, in part, via their prodigious metabolic capacity and their profound influence on immune cell function. Microbial pathogens drive tumorigenesis in 15?20% of cancer cases. An even larger number of malignancies are associated with an altered composition of commensal microbiota (dysbiosis) based on microbiome studies utilizing metagenomic sequencing. Although association studies cannot distinguish whether changes in microbiota are causes or effects of cancer, a causative role is supported by rigorously controlled pre-clinical studies utilizing gnotobiotic mouse models colonized with one or more specific bacteria. These studies demonstrate that microbiota can alter cancer susceptibility and progression by diverse mechanisms such as modulating inflammation, inducing DNA damage, and producing metabolites involved in oncogenesis or tumor suppression. Evidence is emerging that microbiota can be manipulated for improving cancer treatment. By incorporating probiotics as adjuvants for checkpoint immunotherapy or by designing small molecules that target microbial enzymes, microbiota can be harnessed to improve cancer care.