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2017 ; 242
(13
): 1325-1334
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Challenges and progress in interpretation of non-coding genetic variants
associated with human disease
#MMPMID28581336
Zhu Y
; Tazearslan C
; Suh Y
Exp Biol Med (Maywood)
2017[Jul]; 242
(13
): 1325-1334
PMID28581336
show ga
Genome-wide association studies have shown that the far majority of
disease-associated variants reside in the non-coding regions of the genome,
suggesting that gene regulatory changes contribute to disease risk. To identify
truly causal non-coding variants and their affected target genes remains
challenging but is a critical step to translate the genetic associations to
molecular mechanisms and ultimately clinical applications. Here we review
genomic/epigenomic resources and in silico tools that can be used to identify
causal non-coding variants and experimental strategies to validate their
functionalities. Impact statement Most signals from genome-wide association
studies (GWASs) map to the non-coding genome, and functional interpretation of
these associations remained challenging. We reviewed recent progress in
methodologies of studying the non-coding genome and argued that no single
approach allows one to effectively identify the causal regulatory variants from
GWAS results. By illustrating the advantages and limitations of each method, our
review potentially provided a guideline for taking a combinatorial approach to
accurately predict, prioritize, and eventually experimentally validate the causal
variants.