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2017 ; 37
(7
): 1380-1390
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Endothelial Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2c Inhibits Migration of Smooth Muscle Cells
Through Fenestrations in the Internal Elastic Lamina
#MMPMID28473437
Lu YW
; Lowery AM
; Sun LY
; Singer HA
; Dai G
; Adam AP
; Vincent PA
; Schwarz JJ
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
2017[Jul]; 37
(7
): 1380-1390
PMID28473437
show ga
OBJECTIVE: Laminar flow activates myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription
factors in vitro to induce expression of atheroprotective genes in the
endothelium. Here we sought to establish the role of Mef2c in the vascular
endothelium in vivo. APPROACH AND RESULTS: To study endothelial Mef2c, we
generated endothelial-specific deletion of Mef2c using Tie2-Cre or
Cdh5-Cre-ER(T2) and examined aortas and carotid arteries by en face
immunofluorescence. We observed enhanced actin stress fiber formation in the
Mef2c-deleted thoracic aortic endothelium (laminar flow region), similar to those
observed in normal aortic inner curvature (disturbed flow region). Furthermore,
Mef2c deletion resulted in the de novo formation of subendothelial intimal cells
expressing markers of differentiated smooth muscle in the thoracic aortas and
carotids. Lineage tracing showed that these cells were not of endothelial origin.
To define early events in intimal development, we induced endothelial deletion of
Mef2c and examined aortas at 4 and 12 weeks postinduction. The number of intimal
cell clusters increased from 4 to 12 weeks, but the number of cells within a
cluster peaked at 2 cells in both cases, suggesting ongoing migration but minimal
proliferation. Moreover, we identified cells extending from the media through
fenestrations in the internal elastic lamina into the intima, indicating
transfenestral smooth muscle migration. Similar transfenestral migration was
observed in wild-type carotid arteries ligated to induce neointimal formation.
CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that endothelial Mef2c regulates the
endothelial actin cytoskeleton and inhibits smooth muscle cell migration into the
intima.