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2014 ; 35
(ä): 34-41
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The multiple, complex roles of versican and its proteolytic turnover by ADAMTS
proteases during embryogenesis
#MMPMID24444773
Nandadasa S
; Foulcer S
; Apte SS
Matrix Biol
2014[Apr]; 35
(ä): 34-41
PMID24444773
show ga
Embryonic development is an exceptionally dynamic process, requiring a
provisional extracellular matrix that is amenable to rapid remodeling, and
proteolytic or non-proteolytic mechanisms that can remodel the major components
of this matrix. Versican is a chondroitin-sulfate proteoglycan that forms highly
hydrated complexes with hyaluronan and is widely distributed in the provisional
matrix of mammalian embryos. It has been extensively studied in the context of
cardiovascular morphogenesis, neural crest cell migration and skeletal
development. Analysis of Vcan transgenic mice has established the requirement for
versican in cardiac development and its role in skeletogenesis. The ADAMTS family
includes several versican-degrading proteases that are active during remodeling
of the embryonic provisional matrix, especially during sculpting of versican-rich
tissues. Versican is cleaved at specific peptide bonds by ADAMTS proteases, and
the cleavage products are detectable by neo-epitope antibodies. Myocardial
compaction, closure of the secondary palate (in which neural crest derived cells
participate), endocardial cushion remodeling, myogenesis and interdigital web
regression are developmental contexts in which ADAMTS-mediated versican
proteolysis has been identified as a crucial requirement. ADAMTS proteases are
expressed coordinately and function cooperatively in many of these contexts. In
addition to versican clearance, ADAMTS proteases generate a bioactive versican
fragment containing the N-terminal G1 domain, which we have named versikine. This
review promotes the view that the embryonic extracellular matrix has evolved not
only to provide a permissive environment for embryo growth and morphogenesis, but
through its dissolution to influence and regulate cellular processes.