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2017 ; 24
(7
): 1172-1183
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CYLD, A20 and OTULIN deubiquitinases in NF-?B signaling and cell death: so
similar, yet so different
#MMPMID28362430
Lork M
; Verhelst K
; Beyaert R
Cell Death Differ
2017[Jul]; 24
(7
): 1172-1183
PMID28362430
show ga
Polyubiquitination of proteins has a pivotal role in the regulation of numerous
cellular functions such as protein degradation, DNA repair and cell signaling. As
deregulation of these processes can result in pathological conditions such as
inflammatory diseases, neurodegeneration or cancer, tight regulation of the
ubiquitin system is of tremendous importance. Ubiquitination by E3 ubiquitin
ligases can be counteracted by the activity of several deubiquitinating enzymes
(DUBs). CYLD, A20 and OTULIN have been implicated as key DUBs in the negative
regulation of NF-?B transcription factor-mediated gene expression upon
stimulation of cytokine receptors, antigen receptors and pattern recognition
receptors, by removing distinct types of polyubiquitin chains from specific NF-?B
signaling proteins. In addition, they control TNF-induced cell death signaling
leading to apoptosis and necroptosis via similar mechanisms. In the case of A20,
also catalytic-independent mechanisms of action have been demonstrated to have an
important role. CYLD, A20 and OTULIN have largely overlapping substrates,
suggesting at least partially redundant functions. However, mice deficient in one
of the three DUBs show significant phenotypic differences, indicating also
non-redundant functions. Here we discuss the activity and polyubiquitin
chain-type specificity of CYLD, A20 and OTULIN, their specific role in NF-?B
signaling and cell death, the molecular mechanisms that regulate their activity,
their role in immune homeostasis and the association of defects in their activity
with inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer.