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2015 ; 1
(ä): 15014
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Combinatorial interventions inhibit TGF?-driven epithelial-to-mesenchymal
transition and support hybrid cellular phenotypes
#MMPMID28725463
Steinway SN
; Zaņudo JGT
; Michel PJ
; Feith DJ
; Loughran TP
; Albert R
NPJ Syst Biol Appl
2015[]; 1
(ä): 15014
PMID28725463
show ga
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental process hijacked by
cancer cells to leave the primary tumor site, invade surrounding tissue and
establish distant metastases. A hallmark of EMT is the loss of E-cadherin
expression, and one major signal for the induction of EMT is transforming growth
factor beta (TGF?), which is dysregulated in up to 40% of hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC). We aim to identify network perturbations that suppress
TGF?-driven EMT, with the goal of suppressing invasive properties of cancer
cells. We use a systems-level Boolean dynamic model of EMT to systematically
screen individual and combination perturbations (inhibition or constitutive
activation of up to four nodes). We use a recently developed network control
approach to understand the mechanism through which the combinatorial
interventions suppress EMT. We test the results of our in silico analysis using
siRNA. Our model predicts that targeting key elements of feedback loops in
combination with the SMAD complex is more effective than suppressing the SMAD
complex alone. We demonstrate experimentally that expression of a majority of
these elements is enriched in mesenchymal relative to epithelial phenotype HCC
cell lines. An siRNA screen of the predicted combinations confirms that many
targeting strategies suppress TGF?-driven EMT measured by E-cadherin expression
and cell migration. Our analysis reveals that some perturbations give rise to
hybrid states intermediate to the epithelial and mesenchymal states. Our results
indicate that EMT is driven by an interconnected signaling network and many
apparently successful single interventions may lead to steady states that are
in-between epithelial and mesenchymal states. As these putative hybrid or partial
EMT states may retain invasive properties, our results suggest that combinatorial
therapies are necessary to fully suppress invasive properties of tumor cells.