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2017 ; 12
(5
): 865-880
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On-chip human microvasculature assay for visualization and quantification of
tumor cell extravasation dynamics
#MMPMID28358393
Chen MB
; Whisler JA
; Fröse J
; Yu C
; Shin Y
; Kamm RD
Nat Protoc
2017[May]; 12
(5
): 865-880
PMID28358393
show ga
Distant metastasis, which results in >90% of cancer-related deaths, is enabled by
hematogenous dissemination of tumor cells via the circulation. This requires the
completion of a sequence of complex steps including transit, initial arrest,
extravasation, survival and proliferation. Increased understanding of the
cellular and molecular players enabling each of these steps is key to uncovering
new opportunities for therapeutic intervention during early metastatic
dissemination. As a protocol extension, this article describes an adaptation to
our existing protocol describing a microfluidic platform that offers additional
applications. This protocol describes an in vitro model of the human
microcirculation with the potential to recapitulate discrete steps of early
metastatic seeding, including arrest, transendothelial migration and early
micrometastases formation. The microdevice features self-organized human
microvascular networks formed over 4-5 d, after which the tumor can be perfused
and extravasation events are easily tracked over 72 h via standard confocal
microscopy. Contrary to most in vivo and in vitro extravasation assays, robust
and rapid scoring of extravascular cells, combined with high-resolution imaging,
can be easily achieved because of the confinement of the vascular network to one
plane close to the surface of the device. This renders extravascular cells
clearly distinct and allows tumor cells of interest to be identified quickly as
compared with those in thick tissues. The ability to generate large numbers of
devices (?36) per experiment further allows for highly parametric studies, which
are required when testing multiple genetic or pharmacological perturbations. This
is coupled with the capability for live tracking of single-cell extravasation
events, allowing both tumor and endothelial morphological dynamics to be observed
in high detail with a moderate number of data points.