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2017 ; 9
(2
): 47-58
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C2H2 Zinc Finger Proteins: The Largest but Poorly Explored Family of Higher
Eukaryotic Transcription Factors
#MMPMID28740726
Fedotova AA
; Bonchuk AN
; Mogila VA
; Georgiev PG
Acta Naturae
2017[Apr]; 9
(2
): 47-58
PMID28740726
show ga
The emergence of whole-genome assays has initiated numerous genome-wide studies
of transcription factor localizations at genomic regulatory elements (enhancers,
promoters, silencers, and insulators), as well as facilitated the uncovering of
some of the key principles of chromosomal organization. However, the proteins
involved in the formation and maintenance of the chromosomal architecture and the
organization of regulatory domains remain insufficiently studied. This review
attempts to collate the available data on the abundant but still poorly
understood family of proteins with clusters of the C2H2 zinc finger domains. One
of the best known proteins of this family is a well conserved protein known as
CTCF, which plays a key role in the establishment of the chromosomal architecture
in vertebrates. The distinctive features of C2H2 zinc finger proteins include
strong and specific binding to a long and unique DNA recognition target sequence
and rapid expansion within various animal taxa during evolution. The reviewed
data support a proposed model according to which many of the C2H2 proteins have
functions that are similar to those of the CTCF in the organization of the
chromatin architecture.