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2017 ; 34
(4
): 237-242
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Procedural sedation in the emergency department by Dutch emergency physicians: a
prospective multicentre observational study of 1711 adults
#MMPMID27797871
Smits GJ
; Kuypers MI
; Mignot LA
; Reijners EP
; Oskam E
; Van Doorn K
; Thijssen WA
; Korsten EH
Emerg Med J
2017[Apr]; 34
(4
): 237-242
PMID27797871
show ga
OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience performing ED procedural sedation in a
country where emergency medicine (EM) is a relatively new specialty. METHODS:
This is a prospective observational study of adult patients undergoing procedural
sedation by emergency physicians (EPs) or EM residents in eight hospitals in the
Netherlands. Data were collected on a standardised form, including patient
characteristics, sedative and analgesic used, procedural success, adverse events
(classified according to World SIVA) and rescue interventions. RESULTS: 1711
adult cases were included from 2006 to 2013. Propofol, midazolam and esketamine
(S+ enantiomer of ketamine) were the most used sedatives (63%, 29% and 8%). We
had adverse event data on all patients. The overall adverse event rate was 11%,
mostly hypoxia or apnoea. There was no difference in adverse event rate between
EPs and EM residents. However, there was a significantly higher success rate of
the procedure when EPs did the procedural sedation (92% vs 84%). No moderate
(unplanned hospital admission or escalation of care) or sentinel SIVA outcomes
occurred (pulmonary aspiration syndrome, death or permanent neurological
deficit). CONCLUSION: Adverse events during procedural sedation occurred in 11%
of patients. There were no moderate or sentinel outcomes. All events could be
managed by the sedating physician. In a country where EM is a relatively new
specialty, procedural sedation appears to be safe when performed by EPs or
trained EM residents and has comparable adverse event rates to international
studies.
|*Treatment Outcome
[MESH]
|Adolescent
[MESH]
|Adult
[MESH]
|Aged
[MESH]
|Aged, 80 and over
[MESH]
|Analgesia/methods
[MESH]
|Clinical Competence/standards/statistics & numerical data
[MESH]
|Conscious Sedation/*methods/standards/statistics & numerical data
[MESH]
|Emergency Service, Hospital/organization & administration/statistics & numerical
data
[MESH]
|Female
[MESH]
|Humans
[MESH]
|Hypnotics and Sedatives/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
[MESH]
|Ketamine/pharmacology/therapeutic use
[MESH]
|Male
[MESH]
|Midazolam/pharmacology/therapeutic use
[MESH]
|Middle Aged
[MESH]
|Netherlands
[MESH]
|Physicians/*standards/statistics & numerical data
[MESH]