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2017 ; 45
(11
): 6350-6361
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The haploinsufficient tumor suppressor, CUX1, acts as an analog transcriptional
regulator that controls target genes through distal enhancers that loop to target
promoters
#MMPMID28369554
Arthur RK
; An N
; Khan S
; McNerney ME
Nucleic Acids Res
2017[Jun]; 45
(11
): 6350-6361
PMID28369554
show ga
One third of tumor suppressors are haploinsufficient transcriptional regulators,
yet it remains unknown how a 50% reduction of a transcription factor is
translated at the cis-regulatory level into a malignant transcriptional program.
We studied CUX1, a haploinsufficient transcription factor that is recurrently
mutated in hematopoietic and solid tumors. We determined CUX1 DNA-binding and
target gene regulation in the wildtype and haploinsufficient states. CUX1 binds
with transcriptional activators and cohesin at distal enhancers across three
different human cell types. Haploinsufficiency of CUX1 altered the expression of
a large number of genes, including cell cycle regulators, with concomitant
increased cellular proliferation. Surprisingly, CUX1 occupancy decreased
genome-wide in the haploinsufficient state, and binding site affinity did not
correlate with differential gene expression. Instead, differentially expressed
genes had multiple, low-affinity CUX1 binding sites, features of analog gene
regulation. A machine-learning algorithm determined that chromatin accessibility,
enhancer activity, and distance to the transcription start site are features of
dose-sensitive CUX1 transcriptional regulation. Moreover, CUX1 is enriched at
sites of DNA looping, as determined by Hi-C analysis, and these loops connect
CUX1 to the promoters of regulated genes. We propose an analog model for
haploinsufficient transcriptional deregulation mediated by higher order genome
architecture.