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2017 ; 21
(2
): 83-96
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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Extracellular Vesicles as a Source of Urological Biomarkers: Lessons Learned From
Advances and Challenges in Clinical Applications to Major Diseases
#MMPMID28673066
Choi JY
; Kim S
; Kwak HB
; Park DH
; Park JH
; Ryu JS
; Park CS
; Kang JH
Int Neurourol J
2017[Jun]; 21
(2
): 83-96
PMID28673066
show ga
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) not only eliminate unwanted molecular components,
but also carry molecular cargo essential for specific intercellular communication
mechanisms. As the molecular characteristics and biogenetical mechanisms of
heterogeneous EVs are different, many studies have attempted to purify and
characterize EVs. In particular, exosomal molecules, including proteins, lipids,
and nucleic acids, have been suggested as disease biomarkers or therapeutic
targets in various diseases. However, several unresolved issues and challenges
remain despite these promising results, including source variability before the
isolation of exosomes from body fluids, the contamination of proteins during
isolation, and methodological issues related to the purification of exosomes.
This paper reviews the general characteristics of EVs, particularly microvesicles
and exosomes, along with their physiological roles and contribution to the
pathogenesis of major diseases, several widely used methods to isolate exosomes,
and challenges in the development of disease biomarkers using the molecular
contents of EVs isolated from body fluids.