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2017 ; 18
(1
): 126
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Strong epistatic and additive effects of linked candidate SNPs for Drosophila
pigmentation have implications for analysis of genome-wide association studies
results
#MMPMID28673357
Gibert JM
; Blanco J
; Dolezal M
; Nolte V
; Peronnet F
; Schlötterer C
Genome Biol
2017[Jul]; 18
(1
): 126
PMID28673357
show ga
BACKGROUND: The mapping resolution of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is
limited by historic recombination events and effects are often assigned to
haplotype blocks rather than individual SNPs. It is not clear how many of the
SNPs in the block, and which ones, are causative. Drosophila pigmentation is a
powerful model to dissect the genetic basis of intra-specific and inter-specific
phenotypic variation. Three tightly linked SNPs in the t-MSE enhancer have been
identified in three D. melanogaster populations as major contributors to female
abdominal pigmentation. This enhancer controls the expression of the pigmentation
gene tan (t) in the abdominal epidermis. Two of the three SNPs were confirmed in
an independent study using the D. melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel
established from a North American population. RESULTS: We determined the
functional impact of SNP1, SNP2, and SNP3 using transgenic lines to test all
possible haplotypes in vivo. We show that all three candidate SNPs contribute to
female Drosophila abdominal pigmentation. Interestingly, only two SNPs agree with
the effect predicted by GWAS; the third one goes in the opposite direction
because of linkage disequilibrium between multiple functional SNPs. Our
experimental design uncovered strong additive effects for the three SNPs, but we
also found significant epistatic effects explaining up to 11% of the total
variation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that linked causal variants are
important for the interpretation of GWAS and functional validation is needed to
understand the genetic architecture of traits.