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2017 ; 58
(7
): 1399-1416
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Modulation of the gut microbiota impacts nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a
potential role for bile acids
#MMPMID28533304
Janssen AWF
; Houben T
; Katiraei S
; Dijk W
; Boutens L
; van der Bolt N
; Wang Z
; Brown JM
; Hazen SL
; Mandard S
; Shiri-Sverdlov R
; Kuipers F
; Willems van Dijk K
; Vervoort J
; Stienstra R
; Hooiveld GJEJ
; Kersten S
J Lipid Res
2017[Jul]; 58
(7
): 1399-1416
PMID28533304
show ga
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease
worldwide, yet the pathogenesis of NAFLD is only partially understood. Here, we
investigated the role of the gut bacteria in NAFLD by stimulating the gut
bacteria via feeding mice the fermentable dietary fiber, guar gum (GG), and
suppressing the gut bacteria via chronic oral administration of antibiotics. GG
feeding profoundly altered the gut microbiota composition, in parallel with
reduced diet-induced obesity and improved glucose tolerance. Strikingly, despite
reducing adipose tissue mass and inflammation, GG enhanced hepatic inflammation
and fibrosis, concurrent with markedly elevated plasma and hepatic bile acid
levels. Consistent with a role of elevated bile acids in the liver phenotype,
treatment of mice with taurocholic acid stimulated hepatic inflammation and
fibrosis. In contrast to GG, chronic oral administration of antibiotics
effectively suppressed the gut bacteria, decreased portal secondary bile acid
levels, and attenuated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Neither GG nor
antibiotics influenced plasma lipopolysaccharide levels. In conclusion, our data
indicate a causal link between changes in gut microbiota and hepatic inflammation
and fibrosis in a mouse model of NAFLD, possibly via alterations in bile acids.