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2017 ; 7
(1
): 4537
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Citrate Suppresses Tumor Growth in Multiple Models through Inhibition of
Glycolysis, the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and the IGF-1R Pathway
#MMPMID28674429
Ren JG
; Seth P
; Ye H
; Guo K
; Hanai JI
; Husain Z
; Sukhatme VP
Sci Rep
2017[Jul]; 7
(1
): 4537
PMID28674429
show ga
In this study we have tested the efficacy of citrate therapy in various cancer
models. We found that citrate administration inhibited A549 lung cancer growth
and additional benefit accrued in combination with cisplatin. Interestingly,
citrate regressed Ras-driven lung tumors. Further studies indicated that citrate
induced tumor cell differentiation. Additionally, citrate treated tumor samples
showed significantly higher infiltrating T-cells and increased blood levels of
numerous cytokines. Moreover, we found that citrate inhibited IGF-1R
phosphorylation. In vitro studies suggested that citrate treatment inhibited AKT
phosphorylation, activated PTEN and increased expression of p-eIF2a. We also
found that p-eIF2a was decreased when PTEN was depleted. These data suggest that
citrate acts on the IGF-1R-AKT-PTEN-eIF2a pathway. Additionally, metabolic
profiling suggested that both glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were
suppressed in a similar manner in vitro in tumor cells and in vivo but only in
tumor tissue. We reproduced many of these observations in an inducible
Her2/Neu-driven breast cancer model and in syngeneic pancreatic tumor (Pan02)
xenografts. Our data suggests that citrate can inhibit tumor growth in diverse
tumor types and via multiple mechanisms. Dietary supplementation with citrate may
be beneficial as a cancer therapy.