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2017 ; 11
(ä): 175
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Regulatory Roles of Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Central Nervous System and
Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases
#MMPMID28713244
Quan Z
; Zheng D
; Qing H
Front Cell Neurosci
2017[]; 11
(ä): 175
PMID28713244
show ga
Accumulating studies have revealed that the human genome encodes tens of
thousands of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which participate in multiple
biological networks modulating gene expression via transcriptional,
post-transcriptional and epigenetic regulation. Strikingly, a large fraction of
tissue-specific lncRNAs are expressed in the Central Nervous System (CNS) with
precisely regulated temporal and spatial expression patterns. These
brain-specific lncRNAs are also featured with the cell-type specificity, the
highest signals of evolutionary conservation, and their preferential location
adjacent to brain-expressed protein-coding genes. Mounting evidence has indicated
dysregulation or mutations in lncRNA gene loci are associated with a variety of
CNS-associated neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's,
Huntington's diseases, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and others. However, how
lncRNAs contribute to these disorders remains to be further explored and studied.
In this review article, we systematically and comprehensively summarize the
current studies of lncRNAs, demonstrate the specificity of lncRNAs expressed in
the brain, their functions during neural development and expression profiles in
major cell types of the CNS, highlight the regulatory mechanisms of several
studied lncRNAs that may play essential roles in the pathophysiology of
neurodegenerative diseases, and discuss the current challenges and future
perspectives of lncRNA studies involved in neurodegenerative and other diseases.