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2017 ; 12
(6
): e0179479
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The reasons behind medicine shortages from the perspective of pharmaceutical
companies and pharmaceutical wholesalers in Finland
#MMPMID28658307
Heiskanen K
; Ahonen R
; Kanerva R
; Karttunen P
; Timonen J
PLoS One
2017[]; 12
(6
): e0179479
PMID28658307
show ga
The aim of this study was to explore the reasons behind medicine shortages from
the perspective of pharmaceutical companies and pharmaceutical wholesalers in
Finland. The study took the form of semi-structured interviews. Forty-one
pharmaceutical companies and pharmaceutical wholesalers were invited to
participate in the study. The pharmaceutical companies were the member
organizations of Pharma Industry Finland (PIF) (N = 30) and the Finnish Generic
Pharmaceutical Association (FGPA) (N = 7). One company which is a central player
in the pharmaceutical market in Finland but does not belong to PIF or FGPA was
also invited. The pharmaceutical wholesalers were those with a nationwide
distribution network (N = 3). A total of 30 interviews were conducted between
March and June 2016. The data were subjected to qualitative thematic analysis.
The most common reasons behind medicine shortages in Finland were the small size
of the pharmaceutical market (29/30), sudden or fluctuating demand (28/30), small
stock sizes (25/30), long delivery time (23/30) and a long or complex production
chain (23/30). The reasons for the medicine shortages were supply-related more
often than demand-related. However, the reasons were often complex and there was
more than one reason behind a shortage. Supply-related reasons behind shortages
commonly interfaced with the country-specific characteristics of Finland, whereas
demand-related reasons were commonly associated with the predictability and
attractiveness of the market. Some reasons, such as raw material shortages, were
considered global and thus had similar effects on other countries.